ABSTRACT
Case report Purpose: To report two cases of reactivation of BCG vaccination scars, the first after mRNA -SARS- CoV2 -vaccine and the second after SARS-CoV2 infection. Case 1: A 33 year-old woman, a nursing assistant, was referred with erythema and swelling of her BCG vaccination scar 24 hours after receiving her second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and, 10 months later, after receiving her third dose with the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine. Case 2: A 60 year-old woman, a medical doctor, was referred with erythema and swelling of her two BCG vaccination scars (one administered at birth and the second one at the age of 10), 12 days after testing positive for SARS-CoV2 associated with homolateral supraclavicular and axillary adenopathy's . In both cases, total IgE values and D-dimer were normal and symptoms resolved spontaneously within 7 days, without further treatment. Discussion(s): Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) local scar inflammatory reactions have been described with Kawasaki disease in children, with other viral infections such as measles and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6) infection and following influenza vaccination. The relationship between the BCG vaccine and SARS-CoV2 remains unclear. Even in mid-2020 and during the first years of the pandemic, it was proposed that the BCG vaccine could be protective against SARS-CoV2 infection. Several studies were launched to evaluate this hypothesis, with no conclusive results in this regard. Along the last two years, some cases of reactivation of BCG vaccination scars have been reported after vaccination with mRNA -SARS- CoV2 -vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of reactivation of BCG vaccination scars after SARS-CoV2 infection. Conclusion(s): We report the first case of BCG vaccine scar inflammation as a local reaction following SARS-CoV2 infection. The reactivation of BCG vaccine scar after receiving mRNA vaccines and after SARS-CoV2 infection might have been caused by an immunological reaction due to a cross reactivity phenomenon between BCG and SARS-CoV2. The immunological and clinical implication of this reaction needs to be further studied. Clinicians need to be aware of this local reaction to SARS-CoV2 vaccines and infection. (Figure Presented).
ABSTRACT
Objective: To know the contraceptive behaviour of Spanish women who use combined oral contraception (COC) during the period of lockdown due to COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study of a sample of Spanish women who use COC based on a survey conducted through social networks using the online platform Survey Monkey. The survey was conducted during the period of home confinement. Results: A total of 1407 women answered the survey and 937 were valid for the analysis. A total of 675 women (71.8%) were confined all day at home. During confinement 96,6% of women continued to use the COC, 53.5% responded that their sexual activity decreased during this time and 54% that their physical activity had decreased. A significant percentage of women (10.3%) recognized a worsening of premenstrual symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the lockdown and the decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse, the Spanish women who use COC did not abandon its use during the period of time analysed.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the impact of confinement due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resilience in periand postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: We used an online questionnaire which was sent between April 30th and May 13th, 2020 to women aged 40-70 years who were perior postmenopausal according to STRAW criteria. We used the 16 item Cervantes short-form scale (Cervantes-SF) to measure HRQoL, and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14) to measure resilience. High scores on the Cervantes-SF indicate low HRQoL and high scores on the RS-14 indicate high levels of resilience. Covid-19 status, sociodemographic descriptors, and lifestyle variables were also evaluated. Results: We included 2430 periand postmenopausal women with valid questionnaires. All items of the Cervantes-SF were completed in 2151 cases, whilst the RS-14 was completed in 2413 cases. There was a negative correlation between scores on the Cervantes-SF and RS-14 scales (Rho -0.350;p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Cervantes-SF scores and living with others (beta-coefficient -10.2;p < 0.001), use of antidepressants (beta 9.3;p < 0.001), physical activity (beta-8.6;p < 0.001) and sexual activity (beta-2.7;p < 0.001). Resilience was associated with the use of antidepressants (beta-5.9;p < 0.001), physical activity (beta 3.2;p < 0.001) and sexual activity (beta 1.7;p = 0.005). According to the multivariate analysis, there were no associations between either Covid-19 or menopausal status and HRQoL or resilience scores. Conclusions: During the period of mandatory Covid-19 confinement, periand postmenopausal women who engaged in physical and sexual activity had higher HRQoL and higher levels of resilience, whilst women who were using antidepressants had lower HRQoL and lower levels of resilience. HRQoL was greater in women who lived with others.